Development: Puppies are born blind and deaf, puppies are totally dependent on the dam for survival. Puppies sleep 90% of the time. 

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ESI- Early Scent Introduction, incorporating ESI in neonate puppies will increase their interest, detection and ability to follow scents along with stimulating the neurological system. From day 3 to day 16, a new scent will be introduced. Scents range from Chamomile, Lavender, Alfalfa, Pine, Cinnamon, Coffee, Peppermint, Lemongrass, Hibiscus Flowers, Sage, Tennis Ball, Basil, Leather and Rosemary. 

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Socialization: Sensitive handling starting at the neonatal stage helps a puppy's mind and body develop faster. 

Development: Weaning takes place and socialization to dogs occurs at 4 to 6 weeks and to people at 6 weeks. If these opportunities are missed, the puppy will most likely always be fearful of dogs and/or humans. 

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Socialization: The greater social exposure a puppy receives during this time, the more likely he or she is to develop social flexibility, emotional stability and trainability skills. Puppies that stay in a kennel most of the time will be fearful and hard to rehabilitate. 

Development: Puppies' eyes open completely around 13 days old, with useable vision at 18-21 days. Ears open around 3 weeks. Puppies can crawl backwards, wag their tails and start to walk. Rapid development of motor skills and imprinting occurs. 

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Socialization: Regular handling, cuddling and picking up puppies are important. Novel toys or objects should be provided in the whelping box. A variety of sounds and noises can help desensitize puppies to potentially frightening sights and sounds. The more a puppy explores, the more confident and assured he or she will be in the future.